Do you know what is going on in your Oracle database? Probably yes, because you have implemented auditing and check the audit trail regularly. But do you know what is going on in your Oracle ASM instance? Probably not, because not many in the Oracle wild take care of this one. However, under some circumstance it can be beneficial to know what is going on in your ASM instance. This is where auditing of the ASM instance comes into play. Oracle ASM 19c gives you 3 different methods to configure your audit trail. The first one is Oracle ASM auditing with syslog, the second one is the operating system audit trail and last but not least, you can manage Oracle ASM audit records in the unified audit trail.<\/p>\n
In this blog post I will take a closer look at ASM with unified auditing, and how to activate and configure it. To make it more readable, I divided it into two major objectives:<\/p>\n
To activate unified auditing for an ASM instance, we need to do a few steps, and we will need downtime too, because we need to relink the oracle binary. Please notice that unified auditing with ASM is turned off per default.<\/p>\n
\nSQL> SELECT VALUE FROM V$OPTION WHERE PARAMETER = 'Unified Auditing';\n\nVALUE\n----------------------------------------------------------------\nFALSE\n\nSQL> show parameter audit\n\nNAME TYPE VALUE\n------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------\naudit_file_dest string \/u01\/grid\/19c\/rdbms\/audit\naudit_sys_operations boolean TRUE\naudit_syslog_level string LOCAL0.INFO\naudit_trail string NONE\nunified_audit_sga_queue_size integer 1048576\nSQL>\n<\/pre>\nTo enable the unified audit trail with ASM, we need to stop HAS and relink the ASM oracle binary afterwards.<\/p>\n
\n[oracle@ocm200 ~]$ crsctl stop has\nCRS-2791: Starting shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'ocm200'\nCRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.evmd' on 'ocm200'\nCRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.DATA.dg' on 'ocm200'\nCRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.FRA.dg' on 'ocm200'\nCRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.LISTENER.lsnr' on 'ocm200'\nCRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.FRA.dg' on 'ocm200' succeeded\nCRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.DATA.dg' on 'ocm200' succeeded\nCRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.asm' on 'ocm200'\nCRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.LISTENER.lsnr' on 'ocm200' succeeded\nCRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.evmd' on 'ocm200' succeeded\nCRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.asm' on 'ocm200' succeeded\nCRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cssd' on 'ocm200'\nCRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cssd' on 'ocm200' succeeded\nCRS-2793: Shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'ocm200' has completed\nCRS-4133: Oracle High Availability Services has been stopped.\n<\/pre>\nBut take care of the permissions of the $GI_HOME\/bin directory, if you want to avoid some ugly errors.<\/p>\n
\n...\nchmod 755 \/u01\/grid\/19c\/bin\nchmod: changing permissions of '\/u01\/grid\/19c\/bin': Operation not permitted\nmake: [ins_rdbms.mk:540: preinstall] Error 1 (ignored)\n...\n<\/pre>\nAfter changing the permissions of the $GI_HOME\/bin directory, you should be able to relink the oracle binary with unified auditing enabled.<\/p>\n
\n[oracle@ocm200 19c]$ ls -l | grep bin\ndrwxr-x---. 2 root oinstall 12288 Oct 28 10:32 bin\n\n[oracle@ocm200 19c]$ sudo chmod 770 bin\/\n[oracle@ocm200 19c]$ sudo chown oracle bin\/\n\n[oracle@ocm200 19c]$ ls -l | grep bin\ndrwxrwx---. 2 oracle oinstall 12288 Oct 28 10:32 bin\n\n[oracle@ocm200 lib]$ make -f ins_rdbms.mk uniaud_on ioracle\n\/usr\/bin\/ar cr \/u01\/grid\/19c\/rdbms\/lib\/libknlopt.a \/u01\/grid\/19c\/rdbms\/lib\/kzaiang.o\nchmod 755 \/u01\/grid\/19c\/bin\n\n - Linking Oracle\nrm -f \/u01\/grid\/19c\/rdbms\/lib\/oracle\n\/u01\/grid\/19c\/bin\/orald -o \/u01\/grid\/19c\/rdbms\/lib\/oracle -m64 -z noexecstack -Wl,--disable-new-dtags -L\/u01\/grid\/19c\/rdbms\/lib\/ -L\/u01\/grid\/19c\/lib\/ -L\/u01\/grid\/19c\/lib\/stubs\/ \n-Wl,-E \/u01\/grid\/19c\/rdbms\/lib\/opimai.o \/u01\/grid\/19c\/rdbms\/lib\/ssoraed.o \/u01\/grid\/19c\/rdbms\/lib\/ttcsoi.o -Wl,--whole-archive -lperfsrv19 -Wl,--no-whole-archive \/u01\/grid\/19c\/lib\/nautab.o\n\/u01\/grid\/19c\/lib\/naeet.o \/u01\/grid\/19c\/lib\/naect.o \/u01\/grid\/19c\/lib\/naedhs.o \/u01\/grid\/19c\/rdbms\/lib\/config.o -ldmext -lserver19 -lodm19 -lofs -lcell19 -lnnet19 -lskgxp19 -lsnls19 \n-lnls19 -lcore19 -lsnls19 -lnls19 -lcore19 -lsnls19 -lnls19 -lxml19 -lcore19 -lunls19 -lsnls19 -lnls19 -lcore19 -lnls19 -lclient19 -lvsnst19 -lcommon19 -lgeneric19 -lknlopt -loraolap19 \n-lskjcx19 -lslax19 -lpls19 -lrt -lplp19 -ldmext -lserver19 -lclient19 -lvsnst19 -lcommon19 -lgeneric19 `if [ -f \/u01\/grid\/19c\/lib\/libavserver19.a ] ; then echo "-lavserver19" ; \nelse echo "-lavstub19"; fi` `if [ -f \/u01\/grid\/19c\/lib\/libavclient19.a ] ; then echo "-lavclient19" ; fi` -lknlopt -lslax19 -lpls19 -lrt -lplp19 -ljavavm19 -lserver19 -lwwg \n`cat \/u01\/grid\/19c\/lib\/ldflags` -lncrypt19 -lnsgr19 -lnzjs19 -ln19 -lnl19 -lngsmshd19 -lnro19 `cat \/u01\/grid\/19c\/lib\/ldflags` -lncrypt19 -lnsgr19 -lnzjs19 -ln19 -lnl19 -lngsmshd19 \n-lnnzst19 -lzt19 -lztkg19 -lmm -lsnls19 -lnls19 -lcore19 -lsnls19 -lnls19 -lcore19 -lsnls19 -lnls19 -lxml19 -lcore19 -lunls19 -lsnls19 -lnls19 -lcore19 -lnls19 -lztkg19 \n`cat \/u01\/grid\/19c\/lib\/ldflags` -lncrypt19 -lnsgr19 -lnzjs19 -ln19 -lnl19 -lngsmshd19 -lnro19 `cat \/u01\/grid\/19c\/lib\/ldflags` -lncrypt19 -lnsgr19 -lnzjs19 -ln19 -lnl19 -lngsmshd19 \n-lnnzst19 -lzt19 -lztkg19 -lsnls19 -lnls19 -lcore19 -lsnls19 -lnls19 -lcore19 -lsnls19 -lnls19 -lxml19 -lcore19 -lunls19 -lsnls19 -lnls19 -lcore19 -lnls19 `if \/usr\/bin\/ar \ntv \/u01\/grid\/19c\/rdbms\/lib\/libknlopt.a | grep "kxmnsd.o" > \/dev\/null 2>&1 ; then echo " " ; else echo "-lordsdo19 -lserver19"; fi` -L\/u01\/grid\/19c\/ctx\/lib\/ -lctxc19 -lctx19 -lzx19 -lgx19 \n-lctx19 -lzx19 -lgx19 -lclscest19 -loevm -lclsra19 -ldbcfg19 -lhasgen19 -lskgxn2 -lnnzst19 -lzt19 -lxml19 -lgeneric19 -locr19 -locrb19 -locrutl19 -lhasgen19 -lskgxn2 -lnnzst19 -lzt19 -lxml19 \n-lgeneric19 -lgeneric19 -lorazip -loraz -llzopro5 -lorabz2 -lorazstd -loralz4 -lipp_z -lipp_bz2 -lippdc -lipps -lippcore -lippcp -lsnls19 -lnls19 -lcore19 -lsnls19 -lnls19 -lcore19 \n-lsnls19 -lnls19 -lxml19 -lcore19 -lunls19 -lsnls19 -lnls19 -lcore19 -lnls19 -lsnls19 -lunls19 -lsnls19 -lnls19 -lcore19 -lsnls19 -lnls19 -lcore19 -lsnls19 -lnls19 -lxml19 -lcore19 \n-lunls19 -lsnls19 -lnls19 -lcore19 -lnls19 -lasmclnt19 -lcommon19 -lcore19 -ledtn19 -laio -lons -lmql1 -lipc1 -lfthread19 `cat \/u01\/grid\/19c\/lib\/sysliblist` -Wl,-rpath,\/u01\/grid\/19c\/lib \n-lm `cat \/u01\/grid\/19c\/lib\/sysliblist` -ldl -lm -L\/u01\/grid\/19c\/lib `test -x \/usr\/bin\/hugeedit -a -r \/usr\/lib64\/libhugetlbfs.so && test -r \/u01\/grid\/19c\/rdbms\/lib\/shugetlbfs.o && echo \n-Wl,-zcommon-page-size=2097152 -Wl,-zmax-page-size=2097152 -lhugetlbfs`\nrm -f \/u01\/grid\/19c\/bin\/oracle\nmv \/u01\/grid\/19c\/rdbms\/lib\/oracle \/u01\/grid\/19c\/bin\/oracle\nchmod 6751 \/u01\/grid\/19c\/bin\/oracle\n(if [ ! -f \/u01\/grid\/19c\/bin\/crsd.bin ]; then \\\n getcrshome="\/u01\/grid\/19c\/srvm\/admin\/getcrshome" ; \\\n if [ -f "$getcrshome" ]; then \\\n crshome="`$getcrshome`"; \\\n if [ -n "$crshome" ]; then \\\n if [ $crshome != \/u01\/grid\/19c ]; then \\\n oracle="\/u01\/grid\/19c\/bin\/oracle"; \\\n $crshome\/bin\/setasmgidwrap oracle_binary_path=$oracle; \\\n fi \\\n fi \\\n fi \\\nfi\\\n);\n\n\n[oracle@ocm200 19c]$ sudo chown root bin\/\n[oracle@ocm200 19c]$ sudo chmod 750 bin\/\n[oracle@ocm200 19c]$\n[oracle@ocm200 19c]$ ls -l | grep bin\ndrwxr-x---. 2 root oinstall 12288 Nov 2 07:42 bin\n\n\n[oracle@ocm200 ~]$ crsctl start has\nCRS-4123: Oracle High Availability Services has been started.\n\n<\/pre>\nCool, now we got unified auditing enabled for our ASM instance.<\/p>\n
\nSQL> SELECT VALUE FROM V$OPTION WHERE PARAMETER = 'Unified Auditing';\n\nVALUE\n----------------------------------------------------------------\nTRUE\n<\/pre>\nAfter the startup of ASM, you should already see the first unified audit trail entries, which are
\nexposed via the v$unified_audit_trail view.<\/p>\n\nSQL> select count(*) from v$unified_audit_trail;\n\n COUNT(*)\n----------\n 44\n\n<\/pre>\nAnd you will see the audit*bin files as well.<\/p>\n
\n[oracle@ocm200 +ASM]$ pwd\n\/u01\/app\/oracle\/audit\/+ASM\n[oracle@ocm200 +ASM]$ ls -la\ntotal 52\ndrwxr-x---. 2 oracle oinstall 158 Nov 2 07:52 .\ndrwxr-x---. 4 oracle oinstall 29 Nov 2 07:44 ..\n-rw-------. 1 oracle oinstall 1024 Nov 2 07:44 ora_audit_00.bin\n-rw-------. 1 oracle oinstall 10752 Nov 2 07:51 ora_audit_0148.bin\n-rw-------. 1 oracle oinstall 13312 Nov 2 07:52 ora_audit_0289.bin\n-rw-------. 1 oracle oinstall 9728 Nov 2 07:44 ora_audit_0424.bin\n-rw-------. 1 oracle oinstall 3584 Nov 2 07:44 ora_audit_0430.bin\n-rw-------. 1 oracle oinstall 3072 Nov 2 07:52 ora_audit_06.bin\n<\/pre>\nHow to configure some basic purging policies for the unified audit trail<\/h3>\n
After we have compiled the oracle binary, we can start with the unified audit configuration.<\/p>\n
Oracle 19c delivers a whole bunch of tools for managing the audit trail. In total there are 16 tools and all of them are part of the ASMCMD command.<\/p>\n[table \u201c1\u201d not found \/]
\n\n<\/p>\n
Let’s start with one of them, to set max age to 14 days and max size to 1048576 KB for unified auditing<\/p>\n
\nASMCMD> audsetproperty --file_max_age --val 14 --uni\nASMCMD> audsetproperty --file_max_size --val 1048576 --uni\n<\/pre>\nIn case you prefer OS auditing, you simply need to switch from –uni to –os.<\/p>\n
\nASMCMD> audsetproperty --file_max_age --val 14 --os\nASMCMD> audsetproperty --file_max_size --val 1048576 --os\n\nASMCMD> lsaudconfigparams\nType Parameter Name Parameter Value Parameter Unit\n FILE MAX SIZE 1048576 KB\n FILE MAX SIZE 1048576 KB\n FILE MAX AGE 14 Day(s)\n FILE MAX AGE 14 Day(s)\n AUDIT TRACE LEVEL ERROR\n AUDFILE_DISKGROUP\nASMCMD>\n<\/pre>\nTo set the timestamp used by audit purge job and audcleanaudittrail use the audsettimestamp command.<\/p>\n
\nASMCMD> audsettimestamp --uni 02-NOV-2020 14:00:00\nASMCMD>\n\nASMCMD> audshowtimestamp\nType Last Archived\nUNI 02-NOV-20 02.00.00.000000 PM +00:00\nASMCMD>\n<\/pre>\nNow we can create the audit purge job for the ASM audit files. This can be achieved by issuing the audcreatejob command, which comes with the following options.<\/p>\n
\nDescription\n The options for audcreatejob command are described below\n --name - to specify name of the purge job\n <job_name> - name of the purge job\n --int - to specify purge interval in hours\n <purge_int> - interval used to purge\n --os - audit files of OS trail type\n --uni - audit files of unified audit trail type\n --no_use - ignore the timestamp specified earlier\n\n<\/pre>\n\nASMCMD> audcreatejob --name ASMAUDITPURGE --int 12 --uni\nASMCMD>\n\nASMCMD> lsaudcleanupjobs\nType Name Status Frequency\nUNI ASMAUDITPURGE ENABLED 12\n<\/pre>\nOr in case of a space pressure, you can manually delete all unified audit trail records one shot.<\/p>\n
\n[oracle@ocm200 +ASM]$ ls -l\ntotal 76\n-rw-------. 1 oracle oinstall 1024 Nov 2 07:44 ora_audit_00.bin\n-rw-------. 1 oracle oinstall 20480 Nov 2 08:03 ora_audit_0148.bin\n-rw-------. 1 oracle oinstall 28160 Nov 2 08:04 ora_audit_0289.bin\n-rw-------. 1 oracle oinstall 9728 Nov 2 07:44 ora_audit_0424.bin\n-rw-------. 1 oracle oinstall 3584 Nov 2 07:44 ora_audit_0430.bin\n-rw-------. 1 oracle oinstall 6656 Nov 2 08:03 ora_audit_06.bin\n[oracle@ocm200 +ASM]$\n\nASMCMD> audcleanaudittrail --uni\nASMCMD>\n\n[oracle@ocm200 +ASM]$\n[oracle@ocm200 +ASM]$ ll\ntotal 4\n-rw-------. 1 oracle oinstall 2560 Nov 2 08:04 ora_audit_0289.bin\n[oracle@ocm200 +ASM]$\n<\/pre>\nAs mention beforehand, the unified audit trails are exposed via the v$unified_audit_trail. Via this view you can scan for any suspicious behavior in your ASM instance.<\/p>\n
\nSQL> set linesize 144\nSQL> set pagesize 1024\nSQL> col os_user format a8\nSQL> col sql_text format a88\nSQL> col EVENT_TIMESTAMP format a28\nSQL> set long 10000\nSQL> SELECT OS_USER, EVENT_TIMESTAMP, SQL_TEXT FROM v$unified_audit_trail ORDER BY EVENT_TIMESTAMP;\n\nOS_USER EVENT_TIMESTAMP SQL_TEXT\n-------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\noracle 02-NOV-20 01.04.41.000650 PM DECLARE\n bool_val BOOLEAN;\n BEGIN\n IF :usetimestamp = 0 THEN\n bool_val := FALSE;\n ELSE\n bool_val := TRUE;\n END IF;\n\n dbms_audit_mgmt.clean_audit_trail(:trailtype, bool_val);\n END;\n\noracle 02-NOV-20 01.06.50.335987 PM SELECT a.state, b.startup_time FROM v$asm_diskgroup_stat a, v$instance b WHERE a.name =\n :1 \/* asm agent *\/\/* {0:0:2} *\/\n\noracle 02-NOV-20 01.06.50.387623 PM SELECT a.state, b.startup_time FROM v$asm_diskgroup_stat a, v$instance b WHERE a.name =\n :1 \/* asm agent *\/\/* {0:0:2} *\/\n\noracle 02-NOV-20 01.08.30.434801 PM SELECT a.state, b.startup_time FROM v$asm_diskgroup_stat a, v$instance b WHERE a.name =\n :1 \/* asm agent *\/\/* {0:0:2} *\/\n\noracle 02-NOV-20 01.08.30.472994 PM SELECT a.state, b.startup_time FROM v$asm_diskgroup_stat a, v$instance b WHERE a.name =\n :1 \/* asm agent *\/\/* {0:0:2} *\/\n\n\n<\/pre>\nConclusion<\/h3>\n
In case you are interested in what is going on in your ASM instance, you might want to consider enabling unified auditing. It can help you in identifying suspicious behavior.<\/p>\n
Cheers
\nWilliam<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Do you know what is going on in your Oracle database? Probably yes, because you have implemented auditing and check the audit trail regularly. But do you know what is going on in your Oracle ASM instance? Probably not, because not many in the Oracle wild take care of this one. However, under some circumstance […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[14,18],"class_list":["post-86","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-oracle","tag-asm","tag-oracle","entry"],"yoast_head":"\n
How To Implement Unified Auditing For An Oracle 19c ASM Instance - ptdb - Platinum DB<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ptdb.ch\/?p=86\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How To Implement Unified Auditing For An Oracle 19c ASM Instance - ptdb - Platinum DB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Do you know what is going on in your Oracle database? Probably yes, because you have implemented auditing and check the audit trail regularly. But do you know what is going on in your Oracle ASM instance? Probably not, because not many in the Oracle wild take care of this one. 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